===== Subnetting =====
El subnetting consiste en dividir una red grande en varias subredes más pequeñas

==== Redes IPv4 Privadas  ====
Direccionamiento para redes privadas
^ Clase                     ^ A                                ^ B                               ^ C                                 ^
| Direccionamiento privado  | 10.0.0.0 a\\ 10.255.255.255.255  | 172.16.0.0 a \\ 172.31.255.255  | 192.168.0.0 a \\ 192.168.255.255  |


==== CIDR ====
CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing)

La notación CIDR es una forma abreviada de especificar la máscara de subred. 

^ CIDR  ^ Máscara subred   | Máscara Comodín  | Total direcciones IP  | Total IP utilizables  |
| 32    | 255.255.255.255  | 0.0.0.0          |                       |                       |
| 31    | 255.255.255.254  | 0.0.0.1          | 2                     | 2 (RFC3021)           |
| 30    | 255.255.255.252  | 0.0.0.3          | 4                     | 2                     |
| 29    | 255.255.255.248  | 0.0.0.7          | 8                     | 6                     |
| 28    | 255.255.255.240  | 0.0.0.15         | 16                    | 14                    |
| 27    | 255.255.255.224  | 0.0.0.31         | 32                    | 30                    |
| 26    | 255.255.255.192  | 0.0.0.63         | 64                    | 62                    |
| 25    | 255.255.255.128  | 0.0.0.127        | 128                   | 126                   |
| 24    | 255.255.255.0    | 0.0.0.255        | 256                   | 254                   |
| 23    | 255.255.254.0    | 0.0.1.255        | 512                   | 510                   |
| 22    | 255.255.252.0    | 0.0.3.255        | 1,024                 | 1,022                 |
| 21    | 255.255.248.0    | 0.0.7.255        | 2,048                 | 2,046                 |
| 20    | 255.255.240.0    | 0.0.15.255       | 4,096                 | 4,094                 |
| 19    | 255.255.224.0    | 0.0.31.255       | 8,192                 | 8,190                 |
| 18    | 255.255.192.0    | 0.0.63.255       | 16,384                | 16,382                |
| 17    | 255.255.128.0    | 0.0.127.255      | 32,768                | 32,766                |
| 16    | 255.255.0.0      | 0.0.255.255      | 65,536                | 65,534                |
| 15    | 255.254.0.0      | 0.1.255.255      | 131,072               | 131,070               |
| 14    | 255.252.0.0      | 0.3.255.255      | 262,144               | 262,142               |
| 13    | 255.248.0.0      | 0.7.255.255      | 524,288               | 524,286               |
| 12    | 255.240.0.0      | 0.15.255.255     | 1,048,576             | 1,048,574             |
| 11    | 255.224.0.0      | 0.31.255.255     | 2,097,152             | 2,097,150             |
| 10    | 255.192.0.0      | 0.63.255.255     | 4,194,304             | 4,194,302             |
| 9     | 255.128.0.0      | 0.127.255.255    | 8,388,608             | 8,388,606             |
| 8     | 255.0.0.0        | 0.255.255.255    | 16,777,216            | 16,777,214            |
| 7     | 254.0.0.0        | 1.255.255.255    | 33,554,432            | 33,554,430            |
| 6     | 252.0.0.0        | 3.255.255.255    | 67,108,864            | 67,108,862            |
| 5     | 248.0.0.0        | 7.255.255.255    | 134,217,728           | 134,217,726           |
| 4     | 240.0.0.0        | 15.255.255.255   | 268,435,456           | 268,435,454           |
| 3     | 224.0.0.0        | 31.255.255.255   | 536,870,912           | 536,870,910           |
| 2     | 192.0.0.0        | 63.255.255.255   | 1,073,741,824         | 1,073,741,822         |
| 1     | 128.0.0.0        | 127.255.255.255  | 2,147,483,648         | 2,147,483,646         |
| 0     | 0.0.0.0          | 255.255.255.255  | 4,294,967,296         | 4,294,967,294         |